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Repert. med. cir ; 18(2): 113-119, 2009. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-519868

ABSTRACT

En el manejo de las fracturas diafisiarias distales de tibia aún existe controversia acerca de cuál técnica quirúrgica ofrece mayores beneficios. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y comparar las utilizadas, clavo endomedular y placa percutánea, y los resultados en cuanto a consolidación y complicaciones, en pacientes tratados entre enero 2004 y mayo 2008 en el Hospital de San José y una institución asociada de tercer nivel de atención. Se describe una cohorte histórica de 55 pacientes con seguimiento a doce meses. El 76,4% de la población fue de sexo masculino con promedio de edad de 36 años. Se observó mayor porcentaje de mala unión en los pacientes intervenidos con CE (10,7% vs. 7,4%, RR 1.45). La consolidación se presentó en el 92,9% (26/28) de los pacientes manejados con CE contra un 88,9% (24/27) de aquellos con PP. La pseudoartrosis se encontró en dos tratados con CE y en tres con PP (7,1% vs. 11,1%, RR 0.64). La falla del material de osteosíntesis no se observó con el uso de CE, mientras que dos con PP presentaron el evento (0% vs. 7,4%). En cada grupo se vieron dos casos de infección (7,1% vs. 7,4%). Se requirió reintervención en 17,9% (5/28) con CE y en 25,9% (7/27) con PP. El manejo con CE aunque muestra un índice de mala unión mayor que con empleo de PP, evidenciaría un porcentaje de consolidación mayor y unos de complicaciones y reintervención menores. Se requieren estudios futuros multicéntricos para demostrar diferencias entre los dos tipos de tratamientos.


There is still controversy regarding which surgical technique is the most beneficial to manage distal tibial dia- physeal fractures. This paper describes and compares intramedullary nailing and percutaneous plating and results as to consolidation and complications in patients treated between January 2004 and May 2008 at the San José Hospital and at an associate tertiary level health care facility. A 55-patient historical cohort and 12-month follow-up was described. The mean age was 36 years and 76.4% were male patients. A greater incidence of mal-union was observed in those who underwent an intramedullary nailing (10.7 % vs 7.4%, RR 1.45). Consolidation was achieved in 92.9% (26/28) of patients who received nailing compared to 88.9% (24/27) of those managed with plating. Pseudoarthrosis was present in 2 patients treated with a nail fixation and in 3 patients treated with a plate (7.1% vs 11.1%, RR 0.64). Failure of the osteosynthesis material was not observed with the use of nailing while two patients with plating presented this type of event (0% vs 7.4%). Two cases of infection presented in each group (7.1% vs 7.4%). A second surgical intervention was necessary in 17.9% (5/28) of patients with nailing and in 25.9% (7/27) of those in the plating group. Although management with intramedullary nailing shows a greater incidence of mal-union compared to plating, it would evidence a greater percentage of consolidation and less complications and need of a second procedure. Further multicentric trials are required in order to demonstrate the differences between these two treatment modalities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Bone Nails , Bone Plates , Tibial Fractures/surgery
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